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GREENBRIER COUNTY, 



WEST VIRGINIA. 



BY 



J« i« ffl®®lBffiiila ffla 1\ 



Physician to the Springs. 



COPYRIGHT SECURED ACCORDING TO LAW. 




>if llrai^itP-m ^^.aTPTJ^ilsTpfcll^ej 






WITH TDB 



ANALYSIS OF ITS WATERS, 



jjis ^i$im$ tu i|io| 




AND SOME ACCOUNT Of 



Society and its Amusements at the Springs. 



BY 



.Vif^ 



J.J. MooRyviAN, /Vl.p. 



Physician io the White Sulphur Springs : Author of Afineral Waters 
of the South and Southwest ; of Mineral Springs of North 
America^ &c. &c,; late Professor of Medical Jurisprudence 
and Hygiene in the Washington University, Baliiniore; 
Member of the Medico- Chirurgical Society of 
Maryland ; of the Baliiniore Medical As- 
sociation^ tiv., {£v., &c. 




BALTIMORE : 

TBE SUN BOOK AND JOB PRINTING OFFICE 
1878 



0>~ 



PRELIMINARY REMARKS 3 

LOCALITY OF THE SPRINGS 4 

ROUTES BY WHICH THEY ARE REACHED 5 

EXTENT AND CHARACTER OF ACCOMMODATIONS 5 

ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS 6 

MEDICINAL CHARACTER AND CURATIVE POWERS 8 

POPULAR ERRORS IN THE USE OP MINERAL WATERS.. 10 

BEST PERIOD FOR INVALID VISITATION 12 

DISEASES TO WHICH THE WHITE SULPHUR IS APPLI- 
CABLE 13 

EFFECTS OF THE WATER IN INEBRIATION 23 

USE OF THE WATER BY OPIUM EATERS 24 

DISEASES IN WHICH THE WATER SHOULD NOT BE USED. 25 

CHALYBEATE SPRING AT THE WHITE SULPHUR 38 

BATHING AT THE WHITE SULPHUR 26 

SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS 27 



*See Announcement at close of Pamphlet, and Card 
of Proprietors as to the Nojt-use of the waters, except to 
guests on the Grounds. 






WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS, 

Greenbrier County, "West Virginia. 




PAMPHLET for general circulation, adapted for a 
Handbook, to guide the distant stranger as to the loca- 
tion and extent of accommodations of the White Sulphur 
Springs — to point out the different routes by which they 
may be reached — and, at the same time, indicating in a 
concise manner the various diseases for which their waters have 
been advantageously used, has long been a desideratum with the 
Spring-going public. 

In attempting to supply this want, by the issue of this pamphlet, 
I shall not insert general certificates in proof of the value and 
medicinal adaptations of the waters to the various diseases for 
which they have been so long successfully used. The publication 
of such certificates, while they might be serviceable in some cases, 
would, nevertheless, be liable to mislead from the want of proper 
and scientific discrimination as to the precise nature of the cases 
given. 

Mineral waters, to establish and perpetuate a valuable reputa- 
tion, must be carefully kept within the clear boiindaTj of their power 
over disease, and within their true adaptation as curative agents. To 
be efficiently employed, whatever be the najne of the disease for 
which they arc used, the state of the sy stern at the time, and a pro- 
per administration, so as to secure desired effects, are important 
points that cannot be safely ignored. 

There are biasing partialities and prejudices in the whole cer- 
tificate system that are sure to intrude in despite of every effort to 
keep them out, and hence it is that conclusions in such cases are 
apt to be too sweepingly made to be realized by those who rely 
upon them. I have had abundant reason to know that great in- 
justice is often done to suffering humanity, however unintention- 
ally — and ultimately, too, to mineral waters, by having them 
placed, through vague and extravagant certificates, upon the com- 
mon platform with patent medicines. In this way hopes are often 
created in the minds of invalids that are destined to sad disap- 
pointment; while the failure of the waters to accomphsh all that 
had been injudiciously promised for them causes their reputation 
unduly to suffer in public estimation. 

Mineral waters possess great and valuable powers, and are in 
many cases superior to the medicines of the apothecary's shopj 



4 WHITE STJLPHtm SPRUrGS. 

and, when used under proper and judicious discrimination, are 
well qualified to assume a place in the great medical mind of the 
world, and, like well defined articles of the Materia Medica, stand 
prominently forth as most valuable resources of the healing art. 

These views are sanctioned by a sufficient amount of truth and 
importance to influence me against the common practice of pub- 
lishing certificates of cases of diseases, unless such cases had been 
carefully diagnosed by a party competent to such duty, and so 
clearly described as to give them a fair claim to an intelligent pub- 
lic reliance. Upon this branch of the subject, therefore, I propose 
to rely upon the general results of public opinion, formed from the 
use of the water for nearly a century, and from my own profes- 
sional experience in their administration for forty years, in cases 
t\\Q precise pathology and fiat lire of which were carefully investigated 
in connection with their use in each case, enabling me, I conceive, 
to determine their power and applicabilities with the certainty 
that physicians determine the peculiar action of any article of the 
drug shop with which they are most familiar. 

LOCALITY OF THE SPRINGS. 

The White Sulphur Springs are situated on Howard's Oeek, in 
Greenbrier County, West Virginia, and upon the western slope of 
the great Apalachian chain of mountains which separates the 
waters that flow into Chesapeake Bay from those that run into 
the Gulf of Mexico. 

The situation of the Spring is elevated and beautifully pictur- 
esque, surrounded by mountains on every side. Kates Mountain 
is in full view, and about two miles to the south; to the west, and 
distant about one mile, are the Greenbrier Mountains, while the 
towering Alleghany, in its magnificent proportions, is found five 
miles to the north and east. 

The Spring is in the midst of the celebrated " Spring Region," 
having the '■'■Hot," '■'Warm'''' and ^'■Healing Springs'' from thirty 
to thirty-five miles to the north ; the '■'■Sweet''' and the '■'■Sweet Cha- 
lybeate^' sixteen miles to the east; the '■'Salt" and the "-Red Sul- 
phur" the one twenty-four, the other forty-one miles to the south. 

Its latitude is about 37)^° north, and its longitude 3^° west 
from Washington. Its elevation above tide Avater is 2,000 feet. 
The temperature of its waters is 62° Fah., from which they do not 
vary during the heat of summer or the cold of winter. 

The Spring yields more than thirty gallons a minute; and it is a 
remarkable fact that this quantity is not perceptibly varied during 
the longest spells of wet or dry weather. The quantity and tem- 
perature of the Spring being uniform under all circumstances, give 
a confidence, which experience has verified, of its uniform strength 
and efficiency. 



ROUTES TO THE SPRINGS. 6 

It is surrounded by mountain and intervale scenery of great 
beauty, and blessed with a most delightful summer and fall cli- 
mate. Independently of the benefit to be derived from the waters, 
a better situation for a residence of invalids and delicate persons 
during the summer and fall months can scarcely be imagined. 
They have here the advantage of a most salubrious and invigor- 
ating air and the most agreeable temperature — cool at morning 
and evening, and at no time oppressively warm. The thermom- 
eter ranges here during the summer between 60° and 75°, and 
rarely attains a greater height than 85° at any time of the day, 
while the atmosphere is so elastic and invigorating as to enable 
invalids to take exercise in the open air without inconvenience or 
fatigue. 

EOUTES TO THE SPniNaS. 

The White Sulphur is immediately on the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Railroad, 100 miles west of Staunton. This road is now completed 
to Huntingdon, on the Ohio river, thus rendering the Springs 
approachable by rail both from the East and West. 

I^^Travelers from the North or East, by rail, must necessarily 
make the city of Staunton a point in their line of travel. 

I^^The route to the S])rings from Washington is by way of the 
Orange and Alexandria Railroad to Gordonsville ; thence on to 
the Chesapeake and Ohio Road, by the way of Staunton, or by 
Harper's Ferry, and up the Slienandoah Valley to Staunton. 

^p^Persons coming from the West or Southwest, may travel 
either by way of Washington or via Cincinnati to Huntingdon, the 
terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio Road, and thence on this 
road about 160 miles to the Springs. 

The route from Cincinnati by way of Huntingdon is several 
hundred miles shorter than the old route by Washington. 

S^^Those who wish to reach the Springs from the South have a 
continuous chain of railroad either by way of Richmond or Knox- 
ville, Tennessee. 

If the Knoxville route is taken, the traveler proceeds by way of 
Lynchburg to Charlottesville. At the latter place he takes the cars 
of the Chesapeake and Ohio Road for the White Sulphur, 140 
miles distant. 

I^The time from Washington to White Sulphur is about fifteen 
hours. 

EXTENT AND CHAEACTER OF ACCOMMODATIONS. 

In the spring of 1857 this property v/as purchased by a company 
of gentlemen, residing principally in Virginia, who, in virtue of an 
act of the Legislature, associate;! themselves in a joint stock com- 
pany, under the name of the ''White Sulphur Spring Company," 



6 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

In conformity with the public demand for a large extension of 
accommodations, the Company immediately entered upon an ex- 
tensive system of improvement, designed alike to increase the 
capacity of the property for the accommodation of visitors, and at 
the same time to beautify and adorn the grounds. To these ends 
they have erected the largest building in the Southern* country — 
its dimensions being 400 feet in length by a corresponding width, 
and covering more than an acre of ground. This building is ap- 
propriated for receiving rooms, dining room, ball roo?n, parlors, lodging 
rooms, etc. The parlor is one of the most elegant and spacious 
saloons in America, being half as large again as the celebrated 
" East Room " in Washington. The dining room is one of the 
largest in the world, being upwards of 300 feet long by a cor- 
responding width, and conveniently seating 1,200 persons. 

The Company iias also built a large number of handsome cot- 
tages for families. In several respects the grounds have been 
greatly improved, particularly by the construction of broad ser- 
pentine walks in various directions through the lawns, and by 
widening and extending the romantic and popular Stroll, known 
as the "Lover's Walk." With these improvements, together with 
a new and capacious bathing establishment, and the removal of 
many of the old buildings to new locations, by which the lawns 
are enlarged and adorned, the property, alike in capacity, in con- 
venience, and in the elegance of its arrangements, exhibits a new 
and greatly improved appearance. 

ANALYSIS OF TEE WATERS. 

The White Sulphur was analyzed in the winter of 1842, by Prof. 
Hayes, of Boston, from a few bottles of the water sent to his 
laboratory the preceding fall. From his report, 50,000 grains 
(about seven pints) of this water contains in solution 3,633 water 
grain measure of gaseous matter, or about 1.14 of its volume, con- 
sisting of 

Nitrocen Gas 1013 

Oxytien Gas 108 

Carbonic Acid 2.244 

Hydro- Sulph. Acid* ; 068 

One gallon, or two hundred and tliirty-seven cubic inches of the 
water, contains 19 739-1000 cubic inches of gas, having the pro- 
portion of 

Nitrogen Gas •. 4.680 

Oxygen Gas 498 

Carbonic Acid > 11 290 

Hydro Sulph. Acid •••• .271 

* It must be borne in mind that this water was examined by Prof. Hayes several 
jncntbg after its removal from the Spring, and consequently after it had parted 
with a large portion of its free hydi'o-sulph. acid gas. 



ANALYSIS OF THE WATERS. 7 

Fifty thousand grains of this water contain 115 735-1000 grains 
of saHne matter, consisting of 

Sulphate of Lime 67.168 

Sulphate of Magnesia ••• 30.364 

Ch^pride of Magnesium 859 

Carbonat§ of Lime 6.060 

Organic Matter (dried at 212°) 3.740 

Carbonic Acid 4.584 

Silicates (Silica 1 34, Potash 18, Soda 66, Magnesia and a trace 
of Oxide of Iron) 2.960 

Professor Hayes remarks that the organic matter of the water, 
in its physical and chemical character, differs essentially from the 
organic matters of some thermal waters ; in contact with earthly 
sulphates, at a moderate temperature, it produces hydro-sulphuric 
acid, ^'■a>id to this source that acid contained in the water may be 
traced." He adds : 

" The medicinal properties of the water is probably due to the 
action of this organic substance. The hydro-sulphuric acid, result- 
ing from its natural action, is one of the most active substances 
within the reach of physicians, and there are chemical reasons for 
supposing that after the water has reached the stomach similar changes^ 
accompanied by the products of hydro-sulph. acid, take placed * 

Professor William B. Rogers also analyzed this water, with the 
following results : 

Solid matter, procured from 100 cubic inches, dried at 212° 
Fah., consisting of 65-54 grains. 

Sulphate of Lime 31.680 grains. 

Sulphate of Magnesia 8.241 " 

Sulphate of Soda 4 050 " 

Carbonate of Lime 1.530 " 

Carbonate of Magnesia „ 506 " 

Chloride of Magnesium 0.071 " 

Chloride of Calcium 0.010 " 

Chloride of Sodium 0.226 " 

Proto-Sulphate of Iron 0.069 « 

Sulphate of Alumniae 0.012 " 

Earthy Phosphates — a trace 

Azotized Organic Matter, blended with a large propor- 
tion of Sulphur, about. . • 0.005 " 

Iodine, combined with Sodium or Magnesium. 

Volume of each of the gases, in a free state, estimated in 100 
cubic inches : t 

Sulphuretted Hydrogen 0.66 

Nitrogen 1.88 

Oxygen 0.19 

Carbonate Acid 3.67 



* See Chapter III, on the "Relative virtues of the saline and gaseous contents 
of the White Sulphur Water," in the '^Mineral Springs of NorC/i America," by the 
Author. 

tiOO oubio inches amount to about three and a half pints. 



O WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

MEDICAL CHARACTER OF THE WATER. 

The destinctive medical influences of this water upon the 
system are Cathartic, Diiwetic, Sudorific, and Alterative. 

Some cathartic and diuretic effect, as well as a distinct determi- 
nation to the skiti by sweating, is easily induced under its use, in 
the great majority who drink it. But the most decidedly control- 
ling effect of the water over diseased action, and that which, more 
than every other, gives its highest and most valuable character 
as a remedy, is its Alterative Power, or that peculiar action by 
which it effects salutary changes or alterations in the blood, in the 
various secretions, and upon the various tissues of the body. 

The certain effects of the water in stimulating glandular secre- 
tions, dissolving chronic inflammations^ overcoming obstructions^ and 
throwing off offensive deb? is from the diseased system, leave no 
doubt of its distinctive and active alterative powers. Indeed, no 
article of the Materia Medica has more decided alterative effects. 

I desire, especially, to call the attention of physicians, and the 
intelligent public generally, to this distinctive and remarkable quality 
of the water. In this, more than anything else, it differs from 
other mineral waters. Many other waters are found to possess 
valuable alterative power, and with an equal or greater cathartic 
or diuretic action, but none have yet been shown to be so cer- 
tainly, promptly and powerfully alterative upon the human system. 

Some of my unprofessional readers may desire to know the pre- 
cise meaning that is attached to the term Alterative, in a medical 
sense. This term simply means to alter ox change ; that is, to alter 
or change the chemical composition of the blood, the secretions 
of the glands and the various secretory organs and surfaces, the 
removal of obstructions from the glands or minute vessels which 
occur in congestions, irritations and inflammations; thus restoring 
the blood and the general organism to their natural condition, 
and to the performance of their natural functions. 

I claim that the water has these effects by being absorbed, or, in 
other words, entering into the great circuit of the circulation, and 
thus exercising the specific or peculiar action of its constituents in 
promoting the various secretory and excretory processes, and 
thereby restoring the diseased system to a physiological condition. 

Such effects and changes, wrought in the sick body, are obvi- 
ously an alteration, and the remedy that produces them is an 
alterative. 

This is but a part of a medicinal alterative, but it conveys a 
sufficient idea of its nature. 

The water is also remarkable for its power in reducing the force 
and frequency of the pulse, when unduly excited. Its influence in 
this respect should l3e regarded, not as a direct sedative effect of 
the agent, but as the result of its potency in abating general 



MEDICINAL CHARACTER OF THE WATER. 9 

excitement, resolving inflammations, and removing obstructions 
thus bringing back the system to its normal condition. 

Experience in the administration of these waters has abundantly- 
established the fact of their direct zxi^ positive influence in controll- 
ing and eradicating many diseases. Their effects, when properly 
used, are to revive the languishing circulation, to give a new direc- 
tion to the vital energies, re-establish the perspiratory action of the 
skin, bring back to their physiological type the vitiated or sup- 
pressed secretions, provoke salutary evacuations, either by urine 
or stool, or by transpiration ; they bring about in the animal econ- 
omy an internal transmutation, a profoimd chatige. Entering the 
circulation, they course through the system, and apply the medici- 
nal materials which they hold in solution, in the most minute form 
of subdivision that can be conceived of, to the diseased surfaces 
and tissues; they reach and search the most minute ramifica- 
tions of the capillaries, and remove the morbid condition of 
these vessels which are so commonly the primary seats of the 
disease. 

It is thus that they relieve chronic disorder action, and impart 
natural energy and elasticity to vessels that have been distended 
either by inflammation or congestion, while they communicate an 
energy to the muscular fibre and to the animal tissues generally 
which is not witnessed from the administration of ordinary reme- 
dies. It is thus that tliey produce the alterative effect, the "profound 
change" upon the system, of which I have been speaking. 

It may be well to remark, that all mineral waters, to a greater 
or less degree, are stimulants, and consequently are inapplicable 
to the treatment of acute or highly inflammatory diseases. This is 
especially true of the White Sulphur, particularly when drunk fresh 
at the Spring and abounding in its stimulating gas. It is true 
that when its volatile gas has flown off, it becomes far less stimu- 
lating, and may be used with safety and success in cases to which 
in its perfectly fresh state it would be unadapted. But even in its 
least stimulating form, it is inadmissable for excited or febrile con- 
ditions of the system, and especially in high inflammatory action, 
at least until the violence of such action has been subdued by other 
agents. 

But while these waters have excellent adaptations for the cure 
of many diseases, they are unadapted also to the treatment of 
others. It would be irrational to suppose that any medical agent 
capable of effecting so much good as is this water, when properly 
directed, should be incapable of doing harm when improperly 
used. In many cases in which it has a happy adaptation, it fails 
of its good effect from being improperly taken, while in a few cases 
its effects would be injurious from its very nature, however it 
might be employed. Some of the latter class of cases, \try promi- 
nent in their importance, will be noticed under the distinct heading 
of "Diseases in which the water should not be used." 



10 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

POPULAR EEEOES IN THE USE OF MINERAL WATERS. 

Before entering upon the consideration of the diseases for which 
the White Sulphur Water may be beneficially employed, I desire 
for the benefit of invalids who may visit these, or other Mineral 
Waters, to make a few remarks with the view of correcting some, 
as least, of the popular errors that exist in connection with the use 
of such waters. And I trust that a life devoted to the investiga • 
tion of this general subject will relieve me from any appearance or 
egotism in doing so. 

I regret that the limited space, within which I desire to confine 
this publication, will not allow me to say as much upon the sub- 
ject as I could wish to do. 

The first of the popular errors to yrhich 1 call attention has ref- 
erence to the time invalids should use f?iineral waters. 

There is an opinion in the minds of not a {tvf, that such waters 
should not be drunk longer than a given number of days, and, 
that after such time, they are prejudicial rather than beneficial. 
This is an error. There is 710 specific ti?ne during which invalids, 
speaking generally, should use this or any other mineral water. 
The time during which all such waters should be used depends 
upon the nature of the case, the maniier in whi-ch they are used, the 
susceptibilities of the case, and their effects upon the organism and 
the disease. 

There are periods, but uncertain periods in the use of the White 
Sulphur Water, when it ought to be suspended, or discontinued ; 
but such periods can only be judged of by the effects, and not 
from any number of days during which it may have been drunk. 

If the water be not adapted to the disease, and to the existing 
state of the system, of course it ought not to be used at all ; but if 
it be adapted, it ought to be persisted in, until it produces its 
alterative or proper curative effects. 

It happens in many cases, that some appropriate management 
is essential to prevent the water from having vagrant and undesir- 
able operations, and to hasten its speedy and good effects ; but it 
would be in vain to expect its use to result in a cure, until it has 
been properly employed for a sufficie^it length of time (and this 
irrespective of the number of days) to produce the desired effect. 

From two to eight iveeks is the range of time withm which 
it may be made to produce all its good effects, or bring the system 
into such a condition as insures a return to health. But in less 
than two weeks, however skillfully directed, it need not be expected 
that it will be productive of its full sanitary influences. 

The second popular error is that of hastily changing from spring 
to spring, without staymg sufficiently long at any one to produce 
lasting or permanent good impressions upon the disease. 



POPULAR ERRORS IN THE USE OF MINERAL WATERS. 11 

A restless disposition often causes invalids to fly from one spring 
to another, in the vain hope of greater good, when very probably 
the time they fruitlessly spent at several different springs would 
have been sufficient to cure them at any one of them, that might 
be even tolerably adapted to their condition. 

This criticism does not apply to mere pleasure-seekers. They 
may properly go from spring to spring, and spend their time just 
where they are the happiest. 

But it is not so with invalids who have something far the waters 
to do. They should wisely select the waters best adapted to their 
cases, and use them properly and perseveringly, until their un- 
adaptedness is shown, or until they have produced such ejects 
as the nature of the case demands. This being done, they can 
then with propriety resort to such other waters, or baths, as may 
be best adapted to their new condition. 

'Y\).t popular errors va.zm{t?,\.tA in the hap - hazard ds^.^ experimental 
methods of using mineral waters, are too numerous to be particu- 
larly considered in the space allotted to this subject, but they are 
too important to be entirely overlooked. 

Potent mineral waters, that have been extensively used for 
many years, have, it is reasonable to suppose, established with 
those who have experienced, or long observed their effects, defi- 
nite, and well defined laws of operation upon the human system ; 
or, in other words, have established certain hygienic and therapeutic 
laws, by the observance of which they may be taken understand- 
ingly, safely, and in such manner to secure their sanative effects 
without incurring unnecessary delay or risk, from improper admin- 
istration. 

Nevertheless, many serious invalids, and those too who are 
desirous of speedy relief, will, with the utmost uncertainty of the 
correctness of such a course, enter upon the use of such" waters 
entirely in an experimental way, and with as much disregard of the 
known laws of their administration, as if no such laws existed. 

Such experimentalists, by inefficient or untimely dosing, or far 
more common, by overdosing, sometimes, by using the remedy 
when they are under a temporary excitement, or other influences 
that prevent its good effect (and which by a little precaution might 
speedily be removed), or by using it \.oo fresh when it ought to be 
used stale, allow themselves either to be positively injured, or at 
least deprived of the benefits that might have resulted from its 
proper administration. 

Such tentative drinkers \-m.y now and then adopt the best course 
that could have been pursued, and all will go well ; but in no few 
instances it happens that grave mistakes are made, and real injury 
effected. But if no absolute injury shall have been done, it very 
commonly results that such experimentalists waste much time 



12 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

without deriving compensating advantages ; and often, after a 
week or two of profitless experimenting, perceive the necessity of 
ceasing such a course, and begin the use of the agent de novo as 
it wera, and as if they had never before taken it at all, and without 
having derived any advantage from the week or two, it may be, 
that they had been improperly using it. 

Invalids intending to use mineral waters for the treatment of 
their diseases should first satisfactorily ascertain what particular 
water is best calculated to cure their maladies, and before entering 
upon its use, acquaint themselves with the proper way of using it 
and with the general management and precautions necessary to 
be observed while under its use, not only in reference to the 
qiiantiiy, and times, of drinking, but also in reference to Baths, the 
manner and periods of taking them, together with a proper gen- 
eral rule of living as relates to diet, exercise and exposures, while 
they are under agencies, and in a climate to which they have not 
been accustomed. Thus properly informed, and prudently con- 
forming to judicious instructions, they may reasonably hope to 
secure all the advantages that can be derived from such agents. 

The strength of the natural appetite for the good things of this 
world, and the dicta of fashion, but too commonly over- ride the 
most judicious medical advice at a fashionable watering place, in 
reference to diet and dress. Still I cannot conscientiously with- 
hold this well-meant warning to the serious invahd at such places, 
to eat prudently, irrespective of the inducement which an active 
appetite may offer, and to clothe warmly and avoid night exposure, 
whatever fashion may demand or temptation crave. 

BEST PEEIOD OF THE YEAE FOS INVALID VISITATION. 

I am often asked by correspondents and others, as to the best 
time ox period of the seasojifor invalid visitatioti to the Springs. As 
this is a matter of no little importance to the invalid, I remark in 
reference to the White sulphur, that from the 15th of May to the 
middle of July is preferable to an earlier or later period of the sea- 
son. There are substantial reasons why invalids should make 
their visits within the range of the time mentioned, and that they 
should prefer an early rather than a late period of this range of 
time. 

I St — Because during this period we have the most delightful 
weather of the season ; neither too warm nor too cool for exercise 
in the open air. 

2d — Because the crowd of mere pleasure-seekers has not set in 
up to this period; the place is less crowded, and all the facilities 
and comforts of a quiet home are more easily and certainly 
obtained. 



BEST PERIOD OP THE TEAR FOR INVALID VISITATION. 13 

3d— In the early period of the summer solstice, just after the 
cold and inclement weather of winter and early spring, and before 
the sufferer has become enervated by the heat of the summer 
chrofiic disease more readily yields to the alterative influence of the 
waters, and, consequently, the invalid is more certainly and speedily 
placed under their curative powers ; and 

4th — Because invalids, whose maladies have been essentially 
modified or cured in the early part oi the summer, have a longer 
period of favorable weather, either here or elsewhere, in which to 
perpetuate and confirm their amendment and final cure, than 
those who might receive influences equally beneficial, but obtained 
at a later period of the summer. 

I might allude to other advantages enjoyed by the invalid who 
makes his visit to Mineral Waters early in the season ; but let it 
suffice to remark, that my long observation as Medical Director of 
these waters has abundantly satisfied me of the decided advantage 
that attaches to early rather than late visitation by those who are 
seeking to secure the largest amount of benefit from their use. 
Hence, I earnestly suggest to invalids who design visiting these 
waters in the course of the season, not to postpone their visit to a 
late period of the season, and to choose an early rather than a late 
period of the time 1 have designated as preferable. Many inva- 
lids will derive as much advantage from three weeks' use of the 
water in June, as they will from four in September, 

But while the summer, and especially the early portion of it, is 
the preferable time for using the waters, they may nevertheless be 
drunk to advantage during the cold weather of the late _/«//, win- 
ter ox eaily spring, provided that those who use them are properly 
•protected by clothing suitable for the season, and by warm and 
comfortable lodging. 

DISEASES TO WHICH THE WHITE SULPHUR WATER IS 
APPLICABLE. 

For want of space I can only give a mere synopsis of the dis- 
eases for the cure of which the White Sulphur Waters have been 
long and successfully employed, referring my readers who desire 
more particular inform.ation upon this subject, as well as for the 
proper tjiethod of using the waters in the virions diseases, to my vol- 
ume on '■'■The Mineral Springs of North America." 

DYSPEPSIA. 

This very common and annoying disease, the especial scourge of 
the sedentary and the thoughtful, whether existing under the form 
of irritation of the mucous surface of the stomach, vitiation of the 



14 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

gastric juice, or under the somewhat anomalous characteristic of 
Gastralgia, is ti-eated with much success by a proper course of the 
White Sulphur Water. 

The apprehensive and dejected spirit that finds no comfort in 
the present, and forebodes only evil in the future ; the hesitating 
will that matures no purpose, and desponds even in success ; the 
emaciation of frame and haggardness of visage ; the ever-present 
endurance, and all the imaginary and real ills that torture the 
hapless dyspeptic, are often made to yield to alterative and invig- 
orating influences that a few weeks' judicious use of the waters 
have established. 

Administered alone, in every form of this disease (for under the 
name oi Dyspepsia we have %t.Ntxd\ forms of Stomach disease essen- 
tially differing from each other, and requiring different modes of 
treatment) its curative powers may not always be so marked; but 
in several varieties of the disease, and those indeed which we most 
often witness, it deserves the very highest praise that can be con- 
ferred upon any remedy. In cases of this disease in which the 
Liver is implicated, occasioning slow or unhealthy bihary secre- 
tions, a state of things that often exists, the water may be used 
with special advantage. To effect permanent or lasting cures in 
Dyspepsia the waters should always be pressed to their complete 
alterative effects upon the system. 

CHRONIC IRRITATION OF THE MUCOUS MEM- 
BRANE OF THE STOMACH AND BOWELS. 

The largest class of invalids that resort to our mineral fountains 
for relief are those afflicted with abdominal irritatiofis, and espe- 
cially with Irritatio7is of the Mucous Coat of the Stomach and 
Bowels. 

These irritations arc occasionally so marked by a super-added 
nervou: mobility as to conceal their true character from the suf- 
ferer, and sometimes from his medical adviser. The disease is far 
more common in late than in former years. The number of cases 
at the White Sulphur has been, I am sure, more than triplicated 
within the last few years. It may be induced by any of the 
numerous causes whose tendency is to derange the digestive, assimi- 
lative and nervous functions ; and is often connected with some 
indigestion, irregular or costive bowels, with restlessness and un- 
happy forebodings of impending evils. I have much confidence in 
the waters in such cases when prudently and cautiously used, aided, 
if necessary, by proper adjunctive means, and pressed to their 
full alterative effects* 



* For a more full account of this disease, its symptons, and treatment, ste vol- 
ume on tlie '^'■Mineral Springs of the South and Southwest" by the Author. 



CURATITB POWER. Xi 

LIVER DISEASES. 

Chronic disease of the Uver, in some form or other, is a very- 
common disease of our country, especially in the warm latitudes 
and miasmatic districts. Very many affected with this complaint 
have annually visited the White Sulphur for the last fifty or sixty 
years. In no class of cases have the effects of the waters been 
more fully and satisfactorily tested than in chronic derangements of 
the liver. 

The modus operandi of sulphur water upon the liver is dissimilar 
to that of mercury, and yet the effects of the two agents are strik- 
ingly analogous. The potent and controlling influence of the 
water over the secretory function of the liver must be regarded as 
a specific quality of the agent, and as constituting an important 
therapeutic feature in the value of the article for diseases of this 
organ. Its influence upon the liver is gradually but surely to un- 
load it when engorged and to stimulate it to a healthy performance 
of its functions when torpid. 

The control which this water may be made to exercise over the 
liver, in correcting and restoring its energies, is as often astonish- 
ing as it is gratifying — establishing a copious flow of healthy bile, 
and a consequent activity of the bowels, imparting a vigor to the 
whole digestive and assimilative functions, and, consequently, 
energy and strength to the body, and life and elasticity to the 
spirits. 

For many years I have kept d,'''- Case-book" zX the White Sulphur, 
and have carefully noted the influences of the water upon such 
cases as have been submitted to my management. Among the 
number, are many hundred cases of chronic affections of the 
liver, embracing diseases of simple excitement, chronic inflammation, 
engorgement, and obstructions of the biliary ducts, etc. These cases 
were treated either with the White Sulphur alone, or aided by some 
appropriate adjunctive remedy; and, in looking at the results, I 
must be permitted to express a doubt whether a larger .relative 
amount of amendments and cures has ever been effected by the 
usual remedies of the medical shop. This I know is high eulogy 
of the water in such diseases. It is considerately made, and is 
no higher than its merits justify. 

When Schirrosiiy of the liver is suspected, the water, if used 
at all, should be used under the guard of a well-informed medical 
judgment: for in actual Schirrosity, if it be pressed beyond its 
primary effects upon the stomach and bowels, it is very decidedly 
injurious. I have known several cases in which death was hastened 
by disregarding this caution. 

For a more full account of the influences of the water in Liver 
diseases, the reader is referred to the author's work on the ^^ Mineral 
Springs of North America, 



16 WHITE SULPHUR BPRINGS. 

JAUNDICE. 

This is a form of liver disease in which obstructions prevent the 
free egress of the bile from the gall-bladder along its natural 
channels, and hence occasions its absorption into the general 
circulation. 

In cases of jaundice, in which the obstructing cause is inspis- 
sated bile, or very small calculi^ or when occasioned by inflamma- 
tion or spasm of the gall-ducts themselves, the White Sulphur 
Water, as might be expected from its influence over the liver, is 
used with the happiest results. 

Indeed, the individuals affected with incipient or confirmed 
jaundice, and whose livers are free from scirrhus, cannot place too 
much confidence in the use of the White Sulphur Water and baths, 
with the occasional aid of mild adjunctive means to aid in its 
speedy action upon the liver and skin. Thus judiciously em- 
ployed, and for a sufficient length of time, it invariably proves 
successful, either in curing the case or in bringing the system into 
the condition under which a cure speedily results. 

CHRONIC DIARRHCEA. 

In Chronic Diarrhcea, especially where the mucous coat of the 
bowels is principally implicated, and, still more, where the case is 
complicated with derangement of the stomach and liver, the Water 
is often employed with very gratifying effects. 

While the Water, properly taken, is a most invaluable remedy 
in Chronic Mucous Diarrhoea, in no other disease are prudence and 
caution more eminently demanded in its administration, and espe- 
cially for the first few days of using it. When prudently and cau- 
tiously prescribed in such cases, it is not only a perfectly safe 
remedy, but also eminently curative in its effects. Many of the 
most satisfactory results that I have ever accomplished by the pre- 
scription of the White Sulphur Water have been in cases of Chronic 
Mucous Diarrhoea. 

Serous Diarrhcea, of chronic character, requires still greater 
caution in the early use of the Water than the mucous form to 
which I have been referring; and while the Waters, when care- 
fully introduced, constitute a valuable remedy in such cases, they 
will, if too largely taken, aggravate the worst symptoms of the 
disease.* 

COSTIVENESS. 

Habitual costiveness is a state of the system in which the Water 
has been extensively employed — sometimes successfully, some- 
times not. When the case depends upon depraved or deficient 

* See the details of several interesting cases in the " Mineral Waters of the 
United States and Canada," by the Author. 



CURATIVE POWER. 17 

biliary secretions, much reliance may be placed upon the efficiency 
of this remedy, if it be carried to the extent of fully alt'erating the 
system. 

Costiveness, dependent upon inertia or loss of tone of the coats 
of the bowels, is among the most difficult of mere functional 
derangements to relieve. The persistent use of alterative doses of 
the Water will, however, sometimes effect it. But, most unwisely, 
many persons in this condition defeat their chance of a cure by 
the very improper practice of using common salt in the Water to 
render it purgative. Such a practice may answer a present pur- 
pose, but it does much to defeat the alterative effects of the 
Water, which is its great power in such cases. 

HAY FEVER. 

This disorder, periodical in its attacks, and in its symptoms 
much resembling an ordinary catarrh, is more or less common to 
all latitudes. Without being dangerous in its consequences, it is 
annually annoying to many persons, and especially about the 
period of the fall equinox. Great mountain altitudes as a summer 
and fall residence, with tonics as medicine, are most relied upon 
for modification or cure. 

The elevation of the White Sulphur, 2,000 feet above the sea 
level, with immediate surrounding mountains of 3,500 feet, together 
with an atmosphere of great purity and elasticity, and the alter- 
ative and invigorating effects of the Water, very happily adapts it 
as a place of summer and fall residence for those afflicted with 
Hay Fever. I have rarely, if ever, seen a case of this disease here 
that was not benefited ; in some cases entirely relieved for the sea- 
son, in others greatly modified. In all cases I think more or less 
benefit has been derived. 

PILES. 

The use of mild laxatives in hcxmorrhoids has long been a favor- 
ite practice for their relief The beneficial effects of the Water in 
this disease is probably to some extent due to its laxative power, 
but still more, I apprehend, to its alterative effect upon the liver, 
through which the hasmorrhoidal vessels are favorably impressed. 

. DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS. 

The White Sulphur Water is used with very good effects in 
Gravel ; indeed, they almost invariably palliate such cases, and 
frequently, in their early stages, entirely cure them. 

Incipient calculus affections are relieved by the Water pretty 
much in proportion as it corrects the digestive and assimilating 
functions, improves the blood, and brings the general economy 
into a natural type, preparing the kidneys to resist foreign encroach- 



( 



18 WHITE SULPHUR SPBINGS. 

ments upon their functions, and to elaborate, from healthy blood, 
proper and healthy secretions.* Where the affection depends 
upon acid predominance in the fluids, the Water never fails to pal- 
liate, and often cures the case. Whether or not this Water should 
be preferred to other remedies, in calculus affections, depends upon 
the diathesis that prevails in the system, and hence the urine should 
always be carefully analyzed, that we may not act in the dark in 
such cases. 

Chronic InflammatioJi of the Kidneys, as well as similar affections 
of the bladder and urethra, are often successfully treated by a judi- 
cious use of the Waters. I have treated numerous cases of catarrh 
of the bladder successfully by a proper use of the Water and other 
appropriate remedies in connection with it, always regarding the 
Water, however, as the leading remedy in the case. 

Diabetes is a form of disease in which the Waters have occa- 
sionally been used with excellent effect. 

Spermatorrhoea, often painfully implicating the nervous system, 
and producing extreme debility, not only of the sexual organs, but 
also of the general system, is often greatly benefited at these 
Springs. This disease is generally found complicated with a con- 
dition of the skin and glandular organs, and not unfrequently of I 
the mucous surfaces, that eminently require the aid of alterative 
remedies. In all such complications the Waters are found very ; 
valuable as a primary means, preceding and preparing the system 
for the use of more decided tonic remedies. 

FEMALE DISEASES. 

In Female diseases, in their various chronic forms of amenorrhaa, 
or suppressed menstruation, dysmefiorrhcea, or painful menstruation, 
chlorosis and leucorrhixa, the waters of the White Sulphur have 
been much employed. When the cases have been judiciously dis- 
criminated, and were free from the combinations and states of the 
system that contra-indicate the use of the Waters, they have been 
employed with beneficial results. 

CHRONIC AFFECTIONS OF THE BRAIN. 

It is only since I inaugurated the custom of using the Water in 
its ungaseoiis form (thirty-eight years ago) that it has been taken 
successfully, or even tolerated by the system, in chronic inflamma- 
tion of the brain, I need, therefore, scarcely apprise my readers 
that it is only in its strictly ungaseous form that it should be used 
in such cases, and then in a careful and guarded manner. Thus 
prescribed, I have in several instances found it beneficial. 



* Bee " Mineral Waters of the United States and Canada," by the Author 



CUEATIVB POWEK. 19 

NERVOUS DISEASES. 

Neuralgia^ in some form or other, has become a very common 
disease in every part of our country, and the number that visit the 
White Sulphur suffering with this protean and painful malady is 
very considerable. Sometimes this disease exists as a primary or 
^independent affection, but far more frequently as a consequence of 
visceral or organic derangements. Where such is found to be the 
case, the White Sulphur Waters are used with the very best results. 
As an alterative, to prepare the neuralgic for receiving the more 
tonic waters to advantage, it deserves the largest confidence by 
those afflicted with this annoying malady. 

PARALYSIS. 

The number of paralytics that resort to the White Sulphur is 
large, and their success in the use of the Waters various. Cases 
resulting from dyspeptic depravities are oftener benefited than 
those that have resulted from other causes. In almost every case, 
however, some benefit to the general health takes place, and some- 
times an abatement of the paralysis itself. 

BREAST COMPLAINTS. 

In tubercular consumption, whether the tubercules be incipient 
or fully developed, the White Sulphur Water should not be used. 
Its effects in such cases would be prejudicial. But there are other 
forms of breast complaints in which the Waters have been found 
valuable, particularly in that form described as 

SYMPATHETIC CONSUMPTION. * 

This form of breast complaint is the result of morbid sympathies 
extended from some other parts of the body, and more commonly 
from a diseased stomach or liver. The great par vagum nerve, 
common to both the stomach and lungs, affjrds a ready medium 
of sympathy between these two organs. In protracted cases of 
dyspepsia the stomach often throws out morbid influences to the 
windpipe and surfaces of the lungs, occasioning cough, expectora- 
tion, pain in the breast, and many other usual symptoms of genuine 
consumption. So completely, indeed, does this translated affection 
wear the livery of the genuine disease that it is often mistaken for 
it. This form of disease comes often under my notice at the 
Springs, and I frequently witness the happiest results from the 
employment of the Water in such cases, and the more so because 
its beneficial effects resolve a painful doubt that often exists in the 
mind of the patient as to the true character af the disease. 



' Seo " Mineral Waters of the Unitod States and Canadas," by the Author. 



20 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS* 

BRONCHITIS. 

This affection is often met with at the Springs, sometimes as a 
primary affection of the bronchia, and often as a result of other 
affections, and especially of derangements of the digestive and 
assimilative organs. In such translated cases we frequently find 
the bronchitis relieved in the same degree that the originally dis- 
eased organs are benefited. 

CHRONIC DISEASES OF THE SKIN. 

The various chronic diseases of the skin are treated with much 
success by a full course of White Sulphur Waters, in connection 
with a liberal course of warm or hot sulphur baths. My experi- 
ence in the treatment of the various forms of skin disease with this 
Water has been large, embracing certainly, in the aggregate, many 
hundreds of cases; and I would do injustice to such experience, 
and withhold important hopes from the sufferers from such annoy- 
ing afflictions, if I failed to express my entire confidence in their 
employment in such cases. Aided by mild alterative means, pro- 
per in themselves, but which of themselves would not generally 
cure such cases, a thorough course of the Water and baths is enti- 
tled to the highest degree of confidence in all such affections. 

RHEUMATISM. 

The primitive reputation of the Water, and that which at an 
early day directed public attention to its potency, \yas derived from 
its successful employment in rheumatism. The reputation thus 
early acquired has not been lost, but, on the contrary, established 
and confirmed by its successful use ior three-quarters of a century. 

In most rheumatic cases the employment of warm or hot sul- 
phur baths constitutes a very valuable adjunct in their treatment. 

With the Sulphur Water as a drink, and the use of the hot tub, 
douche and sweating baths of the same water, this place offers the 
strongest inducements for the resort of persons afflicted with 
chronic rheumatism that can anywhere be found. 

Want of space will not allow me to describe the various forrhs 
of rheumatic trouble, and to speak of the relative merits of the 
waters in the several forms of this disease. I remark, however, 
that while they prove eminently beneficial in all forms of chronic 
rheumatism, they are more decidedly so in those cases that may 
properly be termed muscul-ir, in distinction from articular rheuma- 
tism, and this is so whether the cases arise from miasmatic, mer- 
curial, or other more common causes of the disease. A full 
course of the waters, with baths properly tempered to the demands of 
t/i£ case, is essential to a perfect cure. 



CURATIVE PO'^^ft. 21 

GOUT. 

The Gouty are numerous among the habitues of the White Sul- 
phur. In proportion as the waters impress the digestive and as- 
similate organs they benefit gout. 

Those who come here with confirmed gout often assure me that 
a course of the waters and baths invariably brings such ameliora- 
tion of their sufferings for about a year : that is, from one season 
to another. Hence it is that we so often find the same gouty sub- 
ject here regularly from year to year. 

\ CHRONIC POISONING FROM LEAD 

Is very advantageously treated by a full course of the water and 
baths. Used with sufficient persistency, they, may well be re- 
garded as the most reliable remedy to which persons thus afflicted 
can have recourse, and to such I earnestly recommend a trial of 
them, the more especially because the ordinary remedies in such 
cases are admittedly very unreliable. 

SCROFULA. 

Sulphur Waters have long been held in reputation in the treat- 
ment of scrofula. Some of the English physicians have thought 
such waters superior to any other remedy in scrofula. Dr. Salis- 
bury, of Avon, New York, speaks favorably of his experience of 
their use in such diseases. In the early stages of scrofula the 
White Sulphur has often been used with decided advantages, but 
in the advanced stages of this disease I do not consider them at 
all equal in curative powers to some other mineral waters in this 
region. 

SECONDARY AND TERTIARY SYPHILIS AND MER- 
CURIO SYPHILIS. 

In the unpleasant and dreaded forms of disease sometimes fol- 
lowing Syphilis, and commonly known as Secondary or Tertiary 
Syphilis, whose symptoms are usually so well marked that they 
cannot be misunderstood, the White Sulphur Water, when carried 
to its full alterative effects, displays its highest curative powers. 

After much experience in the use of the Waters in the peculiar 
forms of disease under consideration, if called upon to name the 
particular affection in which they are most certainly efficacious, I 
should name Seco?idary Syphilis and its complications with mer- 
curial contamination ; because in such cases they exert a specific 
influence and more certainly than any other remedy, bring relief. 

It is proper that I remark, however, that my satisfactory use of 
the Water in such cases has generally been connected with the 
moderate use of other means while patients are taking the water, 
and which, though regarded as remedial will not of themselves 



22 WHITE SULPHtTR SPRINGS. 

generally eradicate the disease, but when employed in combina- 
tion with the Waters, very much hasten the desired result. The 
Waters in such cases are the most efficient power ; the means em- 
ployed with them, only valuable adjuvants to hasten their curative 
effects. 

MERCURIC SYPHILOID. 

There is an enfeebled, susceptible and peculiar condition of the 
system not unfrequently found to arise as the result of a long-con- 
tmued or improper of use mercury in syphilitic disease, and espe- 
cially in subjects of scrofulous tendency. It seems to be the re- 
sultant effect produced by the actions of the two poisons — mer- 
cury and the syphiHtic virus, costituting a disease siii generis, and 
neither strictly mecurial or sylphilic, but a hybrid. This peculiar 
disease, or state of the system, I designate as Merciirio Syphiloid. 
I have most frequently met with this peculiar affection in persons 
of strong lympathic temperament, and in those of strumous ten- 
dency. Such cases exhibit some of the characteristics of ordinary 
mercurial disease as well as those of secondary syphilis, but the 
disease as a whole is not distinctly marked as either. In such 
cases the antidotal effects of the mercury has probably subdued 
the virus of the venereal poison, while the joint action of die two 
has created a new disease, as loathsome, but not as infectious as 
the one for the cure of which the mercury was originally adminis- 
tered. In such cases, the Waters constitute the best remedy 
known to me. I know that some may regard my designation of 
this hybrid disease as singular as its announcement is new, but 
nevertheless ample opportunities for many years for examining 
such cases establishes, in my judgment, the correctness of the 
opinion I express. 

EFFECTS OF THE WATEE IN INEBRIATION. 

During the whole period oi my residence at the Springs I have 
been interested with the marked power I have seen manifested by 
the Waters in cnieiromifig the desire for the jcse of ardent spirits in 
those who had been addicted to their imprudent use. I by no 
means claim that these Waters should be regarded as a specific 
against either the love or the intemperate use of alcoholic drinks, 
but simply that a proper use of them is a decided preventative of 
that feeling of necessity or desire for the use of strong drinks which 
drives the inebriate to use them, in despite of his own judgment to 
the contrary ; or, in other words, that their proper use allays, or 
destroys, the aptitude or nervoiis craving for ardent spirits, and to 
such an extent that even the habitual drinker and confirmed ine- 
briate feels little or no desire for them while he is properly using 
the Waters. 



CURATIVE POWER. 23 

During rriy long residence at these Springs, I have witnessed 
hundreds of cases fully justifying the above statement. This pecu- 
liar influence of the White Sulphur Water depends, first, upon 
the action of the sulphrireted hydrogen gas that abounds in it, and 
which is an active nervine stimulant, and as such supplies the 
want the inebriate feels for his accustomed alcoholic stimulant ; 
and, secondly, it depends upon the alterative influences exerted by 
the Waters upon the entire organism. While by its alterative 
power the entire animal structure is brought into natural and har- 
monious acting, there is a consequent subsistence of the cerebral 
and nervous irritatio?i which always prevails in the habitual drunk- 
ard, the abatement of which enables him to exert a moral power 
greater than he could before, and sufficient to overcome the less- 
ened demand which his old habit, if he retains it in any degree, 
now makes upon him. 

In the initiatory, or forming stage of intemperance, the free use 
of this Water may be much relied upon to modify, or entirely pre- 
vent, the temptation for strong drink; and even in the confirmed 
stage its persevering use may inaugurate a state of the system that 
will essentially aid the sufferer in overcoming the hurtful habit of 
intemperance. Indeed, if the habitual drinker can be prevailed 
upon to use the Water properly for some ten days, to the entire 
exclusion of alcoholic stimulants, he will have for the time, at least, 
but little alcoholic temptation to resist. 

Of course, I will not be so misunderstood by any as to suppose 
that I design even to intimate an opinion that this Water is a su?'e 
and permanent cure for either absolute or threatened inebriation. 
All I intend to assert in this connection is, that a proper and co?i- 
timious use of the Water will very essentially aid the intemperate 
drinker to lay aside the inebriating cup and return to soberness. 

The ivill of the excessive drinker must necessarily concur to 
some extent with any effort successfully made for his relief But 
while this is so, an auxiliary agent, as innocent in its effects as 
Sulphur Water, that can so far satisfy the nenwis cravings of the 
votary of strong drink as to give him increased power to resist 
his morbid habit, while at the same time his general health is 
improved, well deserves, I conceive, the attention of all who need 
assistance in this direction. 

It would be irrational for the inebriate to expect to be cured of 
his morbid habit by simply visiting the Spring and drinking its 
Water, however freely, and at the same time (which has been the 
habit of some) to drink freely also of alcoholic hquors. Such a 
course could be of no service whatever, Srimulants of whatever 
kind, in such a case must be abstained from while the water is es- 
tablishing its peculiar action upon the system. This effected, 
which can ordinarily be accompHshed in ten or twelve days, the 
success of further persistence in the use of the water is hopeful^ 



^4 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

and easily thereafter under the control of the individual who is 
seeking relief. 

The erection of the new Hotel here, adapted, as it will be, for 
the comfort of winter boarders, affords an opportunity to those 
who may desire to avail themselves of the aid of the waters in 
breaking up established or threatened habits of intemperance, that 
is well worthy of consideration. The waters are as effectual to that 
end in cold as in warm weather, while the absence of a large com- 
pany during the fall, winter, and early spring, is greatly favorable 
to those periods for such use of them. 

USE or THE WATER BY OPIUM EATEES. 

I am occasionally consulted by distant parties who are apprised 
of the effects of the water in allaying the desire for ardent spirits, 
whether or not it has the same effects in reference to the desire for 
opiates. 

Upon this subject I remark that my observations of the influ- 
ences of the water in assisting the inebriate to discontinue the use 
of alcoholic drinks, when his will assents to such discontinuance, 
very naturally led me to hope that it might afford similar assist- 
ance, under a like consent of the zvill, to the opium eater. But a 
good deal of difficulty lies in the way of making reliable observa- 
tions upon this subject. Opium eaters, even more than excessive 
drinkers, are indisposed to divulge their morbid propensity to their 
friends or physician, or to seek, through the aid of either, to be 
relieved of their hurtful habit; consequently, while personally I 
have known hundreds of visitants to the Springs who I was satis- 
fied eat opium to excess, and some to very great excess, neverthe- 
less I have had but few cases of inveterate opium eating placed 
fully under my professional government, with the single view of 
being cured of tlie habit. Some such cases, however, I have had, 
in which the sufferers freely and fully communicated to me the 
fact of their injurious habit, expressed earnest desire to be re- 
lieved, and conlmued during the treatment to exercise all the force 
of will of which they were capable to render my advice and pre- 
scriptions successful. In one of these cases, entirely successful in 
its treatment, the person. had been in the habit for a long time of 
using not less than six grains of morphia daily. 

The space allotted to this notice will allow me only now to say 
that in the few cases alluded to I used the waters very fully, but 
always in connection with other means that I deemed essential — that 
the success of the combined treatment was very satisfactory — -that, 
in my opinion, the influence of the water, by lessening the nervous 
craving for opiates, materially aided in the results, and that such 
results would not have taken place if the waters had not been 
used. In the case alluded to, a generous confidence on the part 



CURATIVE POWEK. 25 

of the sufferer, which led to prompt observance of professional 
advice, contributed much, I conceive, especially in the commence- 
ment of the treatment, to favorable results. 

The most that can confidently be said in favor of the use of the 
waters in such cases^^ — and all that ought to be said — is that when 
they are judiciously used arid in connection with proper adjunctive 
management and appliances, they essentially aid the opium eater in 
dispensing entirely with the use of that drug. I will only add 
that, in my management of such cases, I have not found it best 
to exclude the entire use oj the drug when the patient first com- 
mences the use oj the water, as I advise shall be done in the case 
of the inebriate. 

T have not hitherto published anything upon this subject, simply 
from the fact that I am satisfied that the treatment of such cases 
by the waters to be successful, requires careful professional man- 
agement, with appropriate adjunctive means, — that the water is 
only an efficient aid, and not a specific, — and that the management 
necessary in connection with it, to give success, depends too much 
upon the precise circumstances of each case to justify a broad 
recommendation without numerous and essential qualifications. 

DISEASES IN WHICH THE WATERS SHOULD NOT BE USED 

I have heretofore mentioned some diseases and states of the 
system, in which these waters should not be used. As mistakes upon 
this subject are matters of uiiportance, I here recapitulate oft re- 
peated cautions, as to some of the more important diseases, and 

First. They should not be used in Tubercular Consumption. 

Second. They should not be used in Schirrus or Cancer ; or in 
that condition of the stomach, or any other organ, threatening to 
terminate in Schirrhea or Cancer. 

Third. They should never be used in Hyperihrophe or morbid 
Enlargemerit of the heart. In such cases the use of the water or 
Baths, always aggravates the disease, and if persisted in, will very 
much hasten a fatal termination. 

For more than thirty years, by my writings and oral declara- 
tions, I have warned the Spring going public against using these 
waters in enlarged heart ; and yet, sudden deaths from this cause 
continue occasionally to occur here, either from not knowing, or 
disregarding such important warnings. 

As a Medical Director of these waters, and desirous as I am, 
that their use shall be strictly confined within their legitimate 
poiver of doing good, and as a friend to common humanity, I trust 
that those afflicted with disease that the waters cannot cure, but 
must aggravate, will be careful to abstain from using them. 

The vital importance of these caveats to the unfortunate invalids 
fully justifies the earnestness with which I give them. 



26 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

CHALYBEATE SPRINQ. 

About forty rods from the White Sulphur is a Chalybeate Spring, 
in which the iron exists in the form of a carbonate of iron, the 
mildest, least offensive, and ordinarily the mist valuable form in 
which ferruginous waters are found. 

For the last twenty years this Water has been considerably used 
by the class of visitors whose diseases required an iron tonic, and 
its eftects have realized the rational hopes that were indulged in it. 

BATHS AT THE WHITE SULPHUR. 

Wartn and Hot bathing, especially in highly medicated waters, is 
a remedy of leading importance in a large number of the cases 
that resort to mineral waters for relief. 

The water used for bathing at the White Sulphur flows from the 
Sulphur Springs of which the visitors drink. When we look at the 
analysis of this water, and find it to contain about one hundred 
and fifty grains of SiCtiwQ medicitial salts to the gallon, we cannot fail 
to see that, so far as the medication of waters can favorably affect 
the bath for which they are used, the White Sulphur baths have 
the strongest claim to confidence, inasmuch as no other waters in 
America that are used for bathing, except the Washita Springs, in 
Arkansas, are more highly impregnated with mineral salts. 

These baths, in connection with the drinking of the sulphur 
waters, although not required in every case, are a matter of the 
utmost importance in a large number of cases in aiding to produce 
the best effects of the waters. 

Impressed with the great value, in fact the absolute necessity to 
some invalids, of using such baths in connection with the drinking 
of the water, the proprietors of the Springs have recently greatly 
enlarged and so remodeled their bathing establishment as to make 
it in every respect satisfactory, it is believed, to those who may 
desire to avail themselves of its use. 

The bathing house is large, affording ample accommodations for 
the bathers. The bathing-rooms are spacious, airy and comfort- 
able, and in addition to the usual tub baths, they have erected 
douche baths for the application of streams of hot or warm water 
to local parts of the body, and have set apart rooms arranged for 
receiving sweating baths. 

The construction of douche and sweating baths of sulphur water, 
to be employed under proper circumstances, in connection with 
the internal use of the water, is a matter of the utmost importance 
to the successful treatment of numerous cases that resort here for 

relief. 

The new and improved method of heating water for bathing 
deserves to be especially noted. This is effected by stea7n in the 
vessel in which it is used, and is a great improvement over the old 



SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS. 2T 

method of heating mineral waters for bathing. Under the old 
plan of heating in a boiler and thence conveying the water to the 
bathing tub, much of its valuable saline matter was precipitated 
and lost. By this improved method of applying steam to the 
water in the tub, the heat is never so great in raising the water to 
the bathing point, as to cause any important precipitation of its 
salts; hence, they are left in their natural suspension in the waters 
to exert their specific effect upon the bather. Not only so, by 
this improved method hot steam may be let into the tub from time 
to time, as the water cools, so as to keep it essentially of the same 
temperature during the entire period of bathing, a consideration 
often of no small importance. This method of heating mineral 
waters in the tub in which they are used, in connection with the 
douche and sweating baths, brings hot and ivarm bathing at this 
place in favorable competition with bathing at naturally hot and 
warm fountains, and promises to be productive of the same good 
effects that are experienced from bathing in such fountains. 

Persons intending to bathe in hot sulphur water, should, pre- 
viously to doing so, be intelligently instructed under a proper 
knowledge of their case, as to the precise temperature of the bath, 
and the length of tinie they remain in it. Neglect, or disregard of 
proper instructions, the relying upon chance or the mere dictum of 
ignorance upon this subject, has often been the cause, within my 
knowledge, of aggravation of symptoms, and in several instances, 
of serious consequences. I state, therefore, for the benefit of 
bathers in sulphur waters, that such baths, to be used safely atid 
efficaciously, must be used with careful reference to their tempera- 
ture ; t\iQ state of the system when employed/ and the kfigth of 
time the bather remains in them. 

SOCIETY AND ITS AKUSEMENTS. 

Next to the medical value of the water of the White Sulphur, 
and the invigorating climate of the place, the company that annu- 
ally assembles there is most worthy of notice. 

The prestige of the White Sulphur for all that is elegant and 
refined in society is coeval with its early history. For many years 
it has been the great central point of reunion for the best society 
of the South, North, East and West, that here mingle together 
under circumstances well calculated to promote social intercourse, 
and to call out the kindliest feelings of our nature. 

The cottage system that has been introduced, although new to 
American watering places, has proved a complete success, and 
greatly contributed to the home-like comforts and the socialty of 
the numerous families assembled here. 

Society seems here to meet on common ground, and the differ- 
ent shades of feehng influencing it at home are laid aside, 
while each individual promotes his owa happiness by contributing 
to the happiness of others. 



28 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

Here is to be found the statesman who, worn down with labor, 
and his mind unstrung by the cares of office, seeks from the brac- 
ing air, the picturesque scenery, and the genial company, not less 
than from the health-giving waters, that recuperation of his wasted 
energies in vain sought for elsewhere. Here, too, is found the 
man of letters, seeking rest from thought, and strength for future 
effort. The poet, too, is here, to quaff vigor from the sparkHng 
fountain, and new images of beauty from nature's lavish stores 
that are spread around him ; and here, too, come in crowds those 
who have ever plumed the poet's fancy to its sublimest flights — 
beauteous woman — ^by her presence brightening every prospect 
and gracing every scene. Following naturally in her train come 
those who ever love to bask in beauty's smiles, and find in such 
scenes the happiest of their youthful hours. Here, too, congre- 
gate the reverend clergy, the doctor, the lawyer, the judge, wearied 
with the burdens of the bench; the man of commerce, the finan- 
cier, the thrifty planter, the sturdy farmer, and the retired man of 
wealth and ease. These, reckoned by thousands, make up the 
company that annually give tone and character to the White Sul- 
phur, and make it at once the Athens and the Paris of America. 

The amusements are various in kind and degree. No sketch 
can give more than a faint shadowing of the pleasures of a visit to 
the Springs. The freedom from care, the relaxation from bonds 
which have fettered us to the treadmill of business — the pure 
mountain air, every breath of which swells the veins and makes 
the blood tingle with delight — the wild mountain scenery, awak- 
ening new thoughts of the grandeur of creation and the mighty 
power of God — the amenities of social intercourse, relieved from 
those necessary but vexatious rules of etiquette which hem in fash- 
ionable life at home — all these combine to render a visit to the 
White Sulphur an epoch in life to be looked forward to, and back 
upon, with pleasurable emotions. 

The weary pilgrim, coursing over the burning sands of the East, 
does not hail the sight of an oasis in mid desert with more joy 
than the habitues of the " White," worn down by cares or trouble, 
welcome the first glimpse of the sparkhng fountain, and the ver- 
dant lawns encircled by cottage homes; to him they promise rest, 
comfort, health, while to others they tell of pleasures past and joys 
to come. And why ? For answer, let us briefly sketch the scenes 
of a single day at the Springs. 

The morning has dawned; the forest songster, in saluting the 
opening day, has softly wakened the sleeper; the full, round face 
of the sun soon appears above the neighboring mountain peak ; 
the silvery vapor glides upward from the vale beneath, the fleecy 
clouds are gone, and the dewy fragrance of the morning air invites 
to active exercise. The visitors now gather .around the health- 
giving fountain, and, after quaffing its waters, wend their way to 



SOCIETY AND ITS AMUSEMENTS. 29 

the morning meal. This over, the business of active enjoyment 
for the day begins. 

The pleasant walks that penetrate the lawns and environ the 
ground invite many to healthful exercise. The bilhard saloon, 
with its numerous tables, entices many votaries; the bowhng alleys 
soon resound with the merry laugh of youth and beauty ; and thus 
the hours glide swiftly away ; while from another portion of the 
grounds is heard the clear, keen report from the pistol gallery, 
telling how promptly young America is preparing to avenge his 
insulted honor. 

The beautiful rides and drives, with their glorious mountain and 
intervale scenery, attract some, while the quiet game, the alluring 
book, or the pleasant companion, solace many others. Thus they 
take no note of time, save from its loss, until the warning sound 
of the dinner-bell rings forth the noontide hour, calling to prepare 
for the mid-day meal. Again the fountain is thronged, and then 
to the sound of rich-toned music, discoursed by a well-trained 
band, the crowd, after the hour of preparation has elapsed, assem- 
ble in the immense and well-furnished drawing-room for a brief 
social reunion before partaking of the great meal of the day. 
Dinner over, the drawing room again becomes the centre of attrac- 
tion. In this room, during the crowded season, are each day 
brought pleasantly together a gay and richly dressed assembly, 
excelled in beauty, manliness and dignity by no other crowd ever 
assembled within the broad limits of our common country. Here 
congregate the fairest of the fair from every State, and one can 
gaze and gaze on beauty until the heart reels in its very fullness. 

The company, weary with converse or the promenade, retire 
to their cottage homes, or to the inviting shade of the wide-spread 
oaks, underneath which, in by-gone years, the savage danced, or 
the antlered monarch of the forest tossed his crest, now given up 
to the happy crowd, who in genial converse wile the hours away 
until the lengthened shadows and the fragrant air again invite to 
the walk, the ride, the drive, or other active exercises. Then is 
heard the summons to a social reunion at tea table, after which 
the spirit stirring music calls the young and the gay to the giddy 
whirl of the ball-room. Here pleasure reigns supreme — the heart- 
toned laugh, the witty word, the amiable repartee, all tell that 
those assembled here are just sipping the bubbles from the over- 
flowing cup of joy. 

Nowhere else can such a scene be witnessed; nowhere else can 
such a scene be more innocent than here. Thus flit away the glad 
hours until the warning night bids to calm repose. Such is, as it 
were, a shadowy outline of a day at the White Sulphur. 

But I cannot close this sketch without mentioning another 
phase of society at the Springs, and one that must commend itself 
to every well-ordered mind. I allude to the respectable observ- 



30 WHITE SULPHUR SPRINGS. 

ance,.by the company generally, of the Sabbath day. Through- 
out this entire day a profound quiet pervades the grounds, and the 
places of worship are thronged by full and attentive congregations. 
Nothing could better evidence the conservative influence of society 
here than the respectful and reverential attention with which the 
vast concourse honor the sacred claims of the Sabbath. 



^lSrN"OXJ]SrCEMEN"T. 



GREENBRIER 




"ViTEisT ■viiR.a-iisriJL. 



So long and favorably known for their valuable Alterativk Waters, 
their cliarming Summer climate, and the large and fashionable crowds 
that annually resort to them, will be opened on Ist June. 

RATES OP CHARGES FOR SEASON OF 1878, VIZ: 

Board, $3.00 per day; $20.00 per week; $75.00 per month, 
of thirty days. 

^'Special arrangements may be made for large families that spend the 
entire season here. 

^^ Special Rates will also be made for September and October. 

^^'Gkildren and Colored Servants half price. White Servants in pro- 
portion to tbe accommodaiions furnistied. 

^^A First-class Band will be in attendance to enliven the Lawns 
and Ball Room. 

^^ Masquerade and Fancy Balls occasionally through the season. 

J^" Telegraphic line in operation to the Springs. 

|J^~A LiVEKY is kept for the accommodation of visitors. 

^F°A well organized Laundry, where all washing for the guests 
will be neatly done at low rates — and to protect ourselves and our guests 
from loss and outside intrusion, we must insist that the washing of visi- 
tors be confined to our laundry, for the proper management of which we 
are always responsible. 

S^The Lessees wish it to be distinctly understood that the use of the 
White Sulphur Water, Baths and Grounds, will be strictly confined to those 
whA) are the gueds of this establishment, and that their use will be withheld 
from all others, except upon their paying $3 per day for such use. Perma- 
nent residents of the county alone excepted. 



PHYSICIAN TO THE SPRINGS. 

^^^We have the pleasure to inform those who design to visit the 
Springs that Prof. J. J. MOORMAN, M. 1)., well known as the author 
of several valuable books on Mineral Waters, and of the work just 
published on the "Mineral Springs op North America," and for forty 
years the Physician to the White Sulphur, will be found at the 
Springs in that capacity — and that he has associated with him in the 
practice Dr. T. B. FUQUA, formerly of Staunton, Va. 

GEO. L PEYTON & CO. 



-A- O^K/ID 



WHITE SULPHUR VISITORS. 



We are the renters of the White Sulphur Springs with all their 
curtaleges, for which we annually pay a large sum of money, in 
addition to heavy outlays in preparing the grounds and buildings 
for the entertainment of a large company, embracing the expenses 
of the more than 400 employees that are required for the proper 
management of our establishment, while our lease covers, and right- 
fully controls all the sulphur waters of any value in the neighborhood. 
The public therefore will readily see that we cannot, with any jus- 
tice to ourselves, allow persons that are not guests of our Hotel, to 
use the waters and the grounds, free from a proper compensation 
for such use. Hence we Announce, and wish it to be distinctly 
understood, that all persons boarding or staying in the neighborhood 
and using the White Sulphur Waters while they are not guests of 
our establishment, will be charged at the rate of $2 per day for 
such use, and that this charge will be invariably enforced, except 
in reference to persons permanently residing in the county. 

G. L. PEYTON & CO., 

Proprietors White Salpliur Springrs. 

June \st, 1878. 



NORTH AMERICA. 
HOW TO REACH AND HOW TO USE THEM. 



BY 



J. J. Moorman, M. D. 

Kesideut Physician at the Sprinsjrs. 

For Sale at the Springs, and 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT Si CO., Publishers, Philadelphia. 
AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF THE WATER: 

Philadelphia HENRY C. BLAIR'S SONS, 

<;...>i,irc / 8th and Walnut Streets. 
bioREs.|^g^.j^ and Chestnut Streets. 

Baltlmore COLEMAN & ROGERS, 

Richmond, Va PURCELL, LADD & CO. 



t^"All these Agents have constantly on hand fresh supplies of WHITE 
StJLPHUE WATEE rJirect from the Spring-s. They also furnish pamphlets giving- 
a full description of the WATEES, theiv medical properties, &c., as well as infor- 
matif)n in regard to accommodations, ways of reaching the Springs, &c., &c. 

G. 1,. PEYTON A- CO. 



E. H. STUART & CO., 

Large and I*ashionable assortment of Ladies' and Gentlemen's SUMMEE GOODS. 



lE^A FASHIOXABLE MILLINEUY ESTABLISHMENT adjoining the Store. 
Also-^r°MERCHANT TAILOR'S ESTABLISHMENT. Will furnish or make 
up goods to order. 



SEE 



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